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1.What is a pictogram?
A pictogram is a chart that uses pictures or symbols to represent data. Every pictogram has a key that shows the value of each symbol or picture. A pictogram design can be constructed using a table with two columns. In the first column is the name of the group, and the second column features the pictures.
The pictogram below shows information about the favourite subjects of some students in a class.
The first column in the above pictogram shows the list of subjects, while the second column shows the number of students who like the particular subject, using the circle symbol. According to the key in the pictogram, each circle represents four students. Which means the each half-circle in the pictogram represents 2 students.
1.1 How to Read and Interpret pictograms?
Steps:
- Select the required row/rows.
- To find the number of items in the selected row/rows, multiply the number of symbols in the row selected by the value of each symbol.
- Perform the required calculation.
Let us now use the above steps and interpret the pictograms using a few examples.
1.2 Solved Examples
Example 1: The pictogram below gives information about the types of ice creams sold in an ice cream parlour on a day.
a) How many vanilla ice creams were sold?
b) How many more strawberry ice-creams were sold than chocolate ice-creams?
Solution:
a) Step 1: Selecting the row
Row: Vanilla
Step 2: Finding number of ice creams sold
Number of symbols in row vanilla = 5 1⁄2
Number of vanilla ice-creams sold = 5 1⁄2 × 4
= (5 × 4) + (1⁄2 × 4)
= 20 + 2
= 22
Hence, 22 vanilla ice-creams were sold.
b) Step 1: Selecting the rows:
Rows: Chocolate, Strawberry
Step 2: Finding number of ice-creams sold
Number of symbols in row chocolate = 3
Number of vanilla ice-creams sold = 3 × 4 = 12
Number of symbols in row strawberry = 4 1⁄2
Number of vanilla ice-creams sold = 4 1⁄2 × 4
= (4 × 4) + (1⁄2 × 4)
= 16 + 2
= 18
Step 3: Perform the required calculation:
18 - 12 = 6
Hence, 6 more more strawberry ice-creams were sold than chocolate ice-creams.
Example 2: The pictogram below shows the number of people visiting the park in the early mornings on weekdays.
Work out the total number of people who visited the park on weekdays.
Solution:
Step 1: Selecting the rows:
Rows: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday
Step 2: Finding the number of people
Number of symbols in row Monday = 5
Number of people visiting the park on Monday = 5 × 10 = 50
Number of symbols in row Tuesday = 5 1⁄2
Number of people visiting the park on Tuesday = 5 1⁄2 × 4 = (5 × 10) + (1⁄2 × 10)
= 50 + 5 = 55
Number of symbols in row Wednesday = 7
Number of people visiting the park on Wednesday = 7 × 10 = 70
Number of symbols in row Thursday = 3
Number of people visiting the park on Thursday = 3 × 10 = 30
Number of symbols in row Friday = 5 1⁄2
Number of people visiting the park on Friday = 4 1⁄2 × 4 = (4 × 10) + (1⁄2 × 10)
= 40 + 5 = 45
Total number of people visited the park on weekdays = 50 + 55 + 70 + 30 + 45
= 250
