Temperature is the measure of the warmth or coldness of an object or material. It is generally measured using a device called a thermometer.
The air temperature can be measured using a thermometer. Day and night temperatures are different. Temperature can be described as being hot, mild, chilly, or freezing. Temperature is higher in the summer and lowers in the winter.
Celsius scale:
Celsius scale is the most commonly used measurement of temperature. This scale’s units are degrees Celsius (°C). Freezing point (0°C) and the boiling point (100°C) of water.
Fahrenheit scale
It is based on 32° for the freezing point of water and 212° for the boiling point of water. The interval between the freezing point and boiling point of water has been divided into 180 equal parts.
If you are given a temperature in either the Celsius or Fahrenheit scale, you convert it in the scale by using the relation
°F = (9⁄5 × °C) + 32
Let us now use this relation and try to convert between Celsius and Fahrenheit scales using some examples.
a) Convert 25°C (nice sunny day) to Fahrenheit.
Solution:
Temperature in Celsius = 25 °C
°F = (9⁄5 × °C) + 32
°F = (9⁄5 × 25) + 32
°F = 45 + 32
°F = 77
Temperature in Fahrenheit = 77°F
b) Convert 98.6 °F (normal body temperature) to Celsius.
Solution:
Temperature in Fahrenheit = 98.6 °F
°F = (9⁄5 × °C) + 32
98.6 = (9⁄5 × °C) + 32
(9⁄5 × °C) = 98.6 - 32
(9⁄5 × °C) = 66.6
°C = 66.659
°C = 37
Temperature in Celsius = 37°C
Let us learn how to read the exact temperature with figures using the examples below.
Example: The thermometer shows the temperature inside the window on a winter morning on the Celsius scale. What is the temperature marked by this thermometer?
Solution:
The number of divisions on the Celsius scale = 5
One division = 1°C
Temperature marked on Celsius scale = 20°C+ 1 division = 20°C + (1 × 1°C )
= 20°C + 1°C = 21°C
Example: The thermometer shows the temperature of an object on a sunny day. What is the temperature reading in the Fahrenheit scale?
Solution:
The number of divisions on the Fahrenheit scale (on the left side) = 5
One division = 2°F
Temperature marked on Fahrenheit scale = 50°C + 1 division
= 50°F + (2°F ) = 52°F
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